Ethical Considerations And Social Responsibilities Of...

Evaluate the recent trends on the ethical considerations and social responsibilities of multi-national companies. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby organizations consider the wellbeing of the public by taking responsibility for the effect of their actions on all stakeholders; customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in every aspect of their operations. This responsibility is seen to extend beyond the statutory obligation to comply with legislation and sees organizations willingly undertaking additional steps to improve the quality of life for employees and their families as well as for the local community and society at large. The role of CSR has become dramatically increased over a†¦show more content†¦Companies across the world have seen the need to move into the Fairtrade market. Since the launch of Fairtrade there has been a dramatic increase in sales of their products. Since 1998 the estimated sales of Fairtrade products in the UK alone has risen from  £16.7 million to  £493 million.[2] Muti-national companies have seen the rapid growth and more and more companies are signing up to sell registered Fairtrade products to show the ethical consideration to the producers in developing nations. Costa Coffee who operate mainly in the UK with over 600 stores but also through Europe and Asia, have set up the Costa Foundation with the goal to give something back to the communities within the countries from which we source our coffee beans.[3] Each year the Foundation implement programmes to improve the social and economic welfare of the countries that source their products. It is not just the Multi-national companies in the food and drink market who have adopted into the trend of becoming more socially responsible. HSBC one of the worlds largest banks adopted a ‘go carbon neutral’ campaign in 2005[4]. Its aim was to plant trees, reduce energy use, buy green electricity and trade carbon credits to cut carbon dioxode flows. ThisShow MoreRelatedEvaluate the Recent Trends on the Ethical Considerations and Social Responsibilities of Multi-National Companies.1509 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluate the recent trends on the ethical considerations and social responsibilities of multi-national companies. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby organizations consider the wellbeing of the public by taking responsibility for the effect of their actions on all stakeholders; customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in every aspect of their operations. This responsibility is seen to extend beyond the statutory obligation to comply with legislationRead MoreEssay on Uop Ethics/316 Week 5 Cross Cultural Perspectives1340 Words   |  6 Pagesto similar ethical scenarios. Beekum, Stedam, and Yamamura (2003) suggest these differing conclusions will lead to conflict where one side perceives the outcome is ethical whereas the other does not. Another possible outcome is that one side may not even see a decision even being morally significant. Global organizations have the additional challenge when operating within a multi-national environment of recognizing cultural differences while maintaining a core moral and ethical foundation. Read MoreThe I mpact Of Oil Exploration On Nigeria1027 Words   |  5 Pagesexploration with its attendant environmental degradation for years. Unfortunately, the influx of oil companies and the heightening of their operations in Niger Delta are not matched with an agenda for the development of Nigeria in general and Niger Delta in particular. The oil companies claim to have executed several projects in the host communities as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility. The claims include: construction of hospitals, roads and schools, provision of portable water, electricityRead MoreCross Cultural Perspectives1102 Words   |  5 PagesPerspectives Wal-Mart is one of the largest corporations and private employers in the United States, and one of the most admired companies in America as reported by Fortune Magazine (â€Å"Fortune 500†, 2012). Netting billions of dollars in profits each year, there are not many other retailers who can compete with them. They give millions back in donations to non-profit companies around the country each year, yet put mom-and-pop establishments out of business each time they build a new store. They have beenRead MoreThe Ethical Marketing Strategy Of Pharmaceutical Advertising1451 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are some of the ethical issues associated with this marketing strategy? Pharmaceutical advertisements has been the subject of deliberation for more than a century. Pharmaceutical advertising and marketing make up a large fragment of the activities of pharmaceutical corporations. These publications can be extremely informative as long as they are analytically evaluated. However, t he data enclosed in promotional material may be scant or erroneous. Assuredly, the pharmaceutical marketing activitiesRead MoreLeadership, Trustworthiness and Ethical Stewardship Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfactor in defining a good leader? Without an established trust relationship a leader is unable to be effective. The problem to be investigated is the value of trustworthiness and ethical stewardship in the construct of the organizational leadership model. This paper shall explore the co-functions of trust and ethical stewardship and its impact on leadership effectiveness. â€Æ' Introduction In 2012, there is very little allegiance or loyalty among organizational members. This isRead MoreBp Pipeline Case Regarding Ethical Behavior And Decision Makin1709 Words   |  7 PagesBP Pipeline Case regarding Ethical Behaviors and Decision-Makin British Petroleum (BP) has been operating in the United States for decades. They have required most of their refineries through acquisitions in the med the 1900’s, which helped them to become one of the leading oil producers in the world. The acquisition of the Prudhoe Bay, Alaska refineries produces more than five percent of America’s oil. Therefore, it guaranteed BP’s economic goals by continuing producing oil in the United StatesRead MoreSocial Compliance And Environmental Concerns1691 Words   |  7 PagesSOCIAL COMPLIANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS Social compliance refers to how a business or an organisation treat its employees, the workforce and the environment on social responsibility. It refers to a code of conduct that directs how employees should be treated in regard to wages, work hours and work conditions. To ensure that the company meets with the standards of various environmental laws, it may be necessary to conduct a compliance audit. The various codes of conduct now available are:Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )3578 Words   |  15 PagesWe examine firms’ use of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as one of their business strategies after a rise in public responses, has led to heightened corporate action. We find that firms are taking more corporate action due to more public scrutiny and fear of financial loss. We find there is an abundance of definitions of CSR but whilst they are all coherent, not one of these definitions is applicable to every industry. With further research, it is highlighted that it would be difficult to increaseRead MoreCarrolls pyramid of Corporate social responsibility: A review and modification1943 Words   |  8 PagesIntroductionFor the past 27 years, Carrolls corporate social responsibility pyramid (CSR) has been widely used by top management and journals to better define and explore CSR. The different components in the pyramid help managers see the differen t types of obligations that society expects of businesses. It is easily understandable and simple. However, the new challenges faced by corporations in the 21st century have warranted a re-examination of Carrolls pyramid. Carrolls CSR PyramidCarrolls

Emily Dickinson s Death And Made - 1091 Words

Emily Dickinson was a writer that had a morbid, yet beautiful way of expressing her thoughts. It takes many times to read her work and finally grasp some of what she means. Her poems leave the reader questioning and wondering why exactly a certain stanza was written that way. Dickinson wrote about death and made it seem as though she knew what it was really like, those very last moments of life. Then on the other hand, she wrote about happy experiences in life, sexual ones, and some that make insane thoughts seem so sane. Emily Dickinson used various ways of expressing her ideas of specific moments in life whether it be in dark poems with beautiful meanings, or refreshing poems that are uplifting. Emily Dickinson did not live what seemed to be an adventurous or lively life. Many people thought of her as a recluse because she did not get out much. However, she wrote with so much knowledge of adventure and experience which not one person thought happened to her. She was able to come up with such vivid moments, ones where it were as if she dealt with them herself. This shows that either she had amazing and compelling ideas or that she did experience some of the things she wrote about, but was very quiet about it all. She did not write how other poets wrote. Many of her poems did not rhyme, but if they did, it was slant rhyme. She also had many reoccurring themes that she was very comfortable talking about. Knowing her background before reading the poems she wrote makes themShow MoreRelatedThe Author That I Decided To Discuss The Literary Significance1232 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor that I decided to discuss the literary significance is Emily Dickinson. Dickinson was born, raised, and in Amherst, Massachusetts in December 10, 180 and died May 15, 1886 in the same state. Her father was Edward Dickinson, and her mother was also named Emily, Emily Norcross Dickinson. Emily Dickinson went to Mount Holyoke College, a small private school in South Hadley, Massachusetts. She’s known as one of the best American Poet. Emily s poem were frequently perceived by a wide range of writersRead MoreEmily Dickinson s I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed 1237 Words   |  5 PagesDraft: Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson s works made her a woman ahead of her time, through her unwillingness to conform to the norms of society. Emily Dickinson was a poet from the 1850s. Many people tried to urge Dickinson to publish, but she then had to start worrying about her punctuation in her works. Her works held great power and they reached maturity quite quickly as she talks about how dense the natural world is in one of her poems â€Å"I taste a liquor never brewed†. Emily Dickinson was bornRead MoreEmily Dickinson : The Point When A Reader1749 Words   |  7 PagesHorieh Introduction to Literature Professor Knoernschild November 27, 2015 Emily Dickinson At the point when a reader hears the name Emily Dickinson, they consider a female who composed verse that has been surely understood for a considerable length of time and years. Much to their dismay that Emily Dickinson established American Literature, and began an entire unrest of verse. The procedure Dickinson used to keep in touch with her verse was at no other time seen and was the foundationRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Amazing Gifts As A Poet1178 Words   |  5 Pagesher. Emily Dickinson became recognized as one of the greatest female poet in American literature after her death in 1886. Emily Dickinson personal life experiences are reflected in her poetry writings. Her poetry shows the difficulties and needs of human relationship with writing that is moving and captivating. Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst Massachusetts. She was well educated and attended the Amherst Academy. Her father was Edward Dickinson, he wasRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem My Life Had Stood- A Loaded Gun 993 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson is a very famous and accomplished poet with over 1700 published poems. Several of her poems are similar in theme, and also similar in bringing out human emotions that we humans usually try to avoid. The common theme in most of Dickinson s poems is the wonders of nature, and the identity of self, as well as death and life. The five poems with the common theme of death are: â€Å"My Life had Stood- A Loaded Gun†, â€Å"I Heard A Fly Buzz- When I Died†, â€Å"Behind Me Dips- Eternity†, â€Å"Because IRead MoreEmily Dickinson s A Route Of Evanescence And Because I Could Not Stop For Death1167 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson Emily Dickinson published only a few poems during her time. Her work was only truly discovered after her death of kidney disease in 1886 at the age of fifty-six. Upon her death her sister Lavinia Dickinson found hundreds of poems tied into a book stitched together by Emily. People claim that she is the most original 19th Century American Poet and is now considered one of the towering figures of American literature. Although She is known for her unconventional broken rhyming meterRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Influences On Writing889 Words   |  4 PagesENGL-2120-C61 May 2, 2015 Emily Dickinson’s Influences in Writing: 　　　　On December 10, 1830, Emily Dickinson was born in her hometown where she would spend the rest of her life, Amherst, Massachusetts. Dickinson enjoyed writing and often credited herself on her wittiness and intelligence. She was a poet who made current events and situations the subjects of many of her writings. Although she wrote throughout her life, some of the poems were not found until after her death. Dickinson’s Family foundRead MoreEssay about Death in Emily Dickenson1313 Words   |  6 PagesDeath in Emily Dickenson With the thought of death, many people become terrified as if it were some creature lurking behind a door ready to capture them at any moment. Unlike many, Emily Dickinson was infatuated with death and sought after it only to try and help answer the many questions which she pondered so often. Her poetry best illustrates the answers as to why she wrote about it constantly. She explains her reason for writing poetry, â€Å"I had a terror I couldRead More`` It Was Not Death, For I Stood Up, By Emily Dickinson1728 Words   |  7 Pageswith a specific focus on Emily Dickinson’s link of mental illness to reclusiveness within her works titled â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up,† â€Å"After great pain, a Formal feeling comes,† â€Å"I dwell in Possibility,† â€Å"My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun,† and â€Å"Tell all the Truth but tell it slant†.† Emily Dickinson is one of the most influential female poets of the 19th century. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1830, Dickinson began her life as a normal child. Growing up, Dickinson had more opportunitiesRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Literary Research Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesNancy Moore Professor Howell English 112 14 April 2015 Emily Dickinson Literary Research Essay Emily Dickinson was born December 10, 1830. Not much is known about her childhood as related to her writings but she did write letters to friends while in her pre-teen and teenage years. Those writings reflected her reluctance to become fully immersed in Christianity even though she was raised in a Christian home. Her world view seemed to be that she loved the world and wanted to experience it

PGs Pert Plus a Pan-European Product free essay sample

PGS Pert Plus: A Pan-European Product? QUESTION 1 How attractive is the pan-European market for Pert Plus in terms of demand potential? Competition? Any cannibalization problems? P is an international supplier of consumer goods it is a global leader in health and beauty care products, detergents, diapers and food . PGs presence in the hair care market in the U. S has been strengthened by innovative technology BC-18 and the replacement of an old brand Pert with Pert Plus- a mild shampoo with a fully effective conditioner. PG decided to introduce BC-18 in Europe. Traditionally, the European market is highly competitive the main rivals are Colgate, Unileaver, and LOreal. The European market is segmented (i. e. value based) and sensitive to price changes (i. e. elastic demand). The introduction of the new product BC-18 brings with it a new marketing strategy for the company. In order to make a valued choice the 4Ps of marketing have to be considered. BC-18 technology would offer the European consumers Great looking hair in a convenient way. Currently PG are practicing a strategy called Euro-Balancing , it entails the concept of standardizing to the maximum and implementing localization only where necessary. By introducing a single brand name for its potential market, PG does not have to create new marketing campaigns for targeted countries. The European market is heterogeneous, multicultural and multilingual; therefore, the name chosen for the shampoo should have to no connotations in a particular languages history or religion. Moreover, the name should be easily pronounceable in each culture. The company is able to use the brand name of Vidal Sassoon, which is an already well-known brand name in the United Kingdom, West Germany and Scandinavia and fits to the criteria mentioned above. It is in the upper market segment and has the established image of a high quality product; it would compliment the new BC-18 product. In instead of Pert Plus, the European name could be Vidal Sassoon Plus, the logo could look like the image bellow. Research indicates in Europe there are large price differences among hair care products. It can enforce the competitive strength of PG. Although it hasn’t face the cannibalization problems. It still prepare for it . QUESTION 2 †¢PG is an international supplier of consumer goods it is a global leader in health and beauty care products, detergents, diapers and food . PGs presence in the hair care market in the U. S has been strengthened by innovative technology BC-18 and the replacement of an old brand Pert with Pert Plus- the technology,â€Å"2-in-1† for shampoo and conditioner in one wash, was new to the market and had been developed in the P research lab. Advantages: easy, time-saving, and convenient everyday use of the product . †¢Disadvantages: more expensive. †¢No country-of origin effect. Q3 The southern European countries, such as West Germany, Great Britain, France, Scandinavia and Benelux, are the lead markets in Europe. †¢Entering a leading market first enable the brand to determine the most consumers real interst in the product from the outset so that it could develop sales and acquire market information in the Pan-Europe market. Also it could build a clear and reconizable image in the target market. However,it was not easy that a new brand enter a new,lead market. With respect to the number of suppliers and brands,the European market was more fragmanted than U. S. market,undoubtedly a function of the different nationalities. The most inportant competitors for PG were Unilever,Colgate and LOreal. QUESTION 4 What does the marketing research tell about the price and positioning decision for Europe? Brand choice? Should the BC 18 technology be introduced with a pan European name, or with local brand names, or even with a mixture of both approaches? Research indicates in Europe there are large price differences among hair care products. P has decided that it should place the new shampoo in the premium-priced segment; this is done in order to keep up the image of the shampoo as a high quality and innovative product. P should charge premium price in each country to be sold for 4. 99 DM for the 200 ml bottle and for 5. 99 DM for the 250 ml bottle in all the countries which had had been accepted during the consumer tests. The company cannot charge a price very few people can afford, this will also not e profitable for the company. P is to become a leader in the European market of two in one hair products. The first year objective is to attract new European customers from competing brands to shift to the use of shampoo to BC-18. The aim is to exert a pull on the population in order to create a new market niche inside the shampoo market and encourage the people to use the new BC-18. In effect BC-18 technology serves the core need of w ashing hair and therefore it has to compete with the different national brands which are often well established. As I see, the BC-18 technology should be introduced with a mixture of both approaches—with a pan-European name and local brand names. If we just introduce with a pan-European name is bad for the promotion of the BC-18. Local names sound approachable. People are likely to accept them. But if we just use local names we will have some problems in selling them in the whole Euro. So the best way is using both of them. QUESTION 5 Given the economic data, what is your recommendation for launch strategy? Let’s take Britain and as example. The markets in Europe are highly fragmented therefore, P cannot expect the same market shares in every country. The company should take into account the existing brands, their markets in every country and the conditioner use in every country. Great Britain: P must aim to attack Timoteis marketing leader position while maintaining their customer base of Head Shoulders. As Head Shoulders is more specific and known for its anti-dandruff ingredients, this should be possible. The company should try to gain 4. 5 % volume market share in the first year and increase it to 5 % in the second year, regarding to the high use of conditioner in Great Britain. Country Great Britain W. Germany France Benelux Scandinavia Market share (volume)4. 5 5 %3 3. 5 %2. 5 3 %3. 5 4 %4 4. 5 % Since there is a steady growth of the shampoo market and the conditioner market and statistics show an increase in hair washing, a roll-out launch is recommended in Europe.

Kinship Organization of Yanomamo Culture

Introduction Horticulture can be defined as a non-mechanized mode of cultivation. This form of cultivation is never intensive in nature. However, members of a horticulture society can still engage in the collection of wild food products. Foraging societies are mainly involved in wondering for food provisions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kinship Organization of Yanomamo Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike horticulture society, which is greatly dependent on domesticated plants, foraging societies do not domesticate plants but go gathering wild fruits and hunting (Andersen Taylor, 2010). This paper will discuss Yanomamo ethnic community and how the members are influenced by culture of kinship. Yanomamo is a cultural group of indigenous people residing mainly in villages found within the Amazon rainforest; this region borders the countries of Brazil and Venezuela. In the villages where the Yanomamo p eople live, they are consisted of both nuclear and extended families. This implies that the Yanomamo people value kinship as part of their cultural identity. Just like other traditional kinship, Yanomamo kinship is both consanguine and affine. Kinship organization in Yanomamo culture Yanomamo people practice horticulture where they use the technique of slash-and-burn as they clear land for their horticultural practice, even though they still rely on foraging. This is one way through which kinship influences the way Yanomamo people live and carry out their daily business. They grow fruits, fish, hunt animals and also grow bananas. While men clear large tracks of land for horticulture as part of their duties, women who are born and those married into the family have the responsibility of doing the planting which mainly consist of plantain and cassava. Duties are assigned according to gender and everyone has his or her duties to perform (Pink, 2006). Yanomamo kinship conforms to the cl assification pattern of the Iroquois. However, it is consistent with the rest of the features of its social structures. The social life of the Yanomamo people revolves around the very social principles used by the tribesmen (Rosman et al, 2009). These principles are seen in marriage exchanges taking place amongst kinship; marriage is the second scenario on how kinship influence the Yanomamo’s way of life. In fact, Yanomamo culture places a significant emphasis on patrilineal descent. The culture also strongly encourages and tolerates cross cousin marriages, which are bilateral in nature.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are village headmen whose responsibility is to determine how the village members relate with the members from the other villages. The positions of these headmen are as outcomes of kinship and patterns of marriage. The dynamics of the Yanomamo people involve receiving and giving girls during the process of marriage. Marriage arrangements are normally done by men who are the older kin and are the fathers, brothers and uncles. The girls are booked for marriage while they are still young. The men who engage in this kind of marriage arrangement are always concerned about establishing alliances with other fellow men and hence strengthen kinship ties (Richard Swanger, 2006). The third scenario is about the lineage of Yanomamo; lineage groupings are normally small and quite shallow. A lineage hardly ever goes beyond a generation of three adults. This implies that the descendants of a single great grandfather. Normally, the depth of kinship generation is limited by the recurrent subdivision (Irons Chagnon, 2008). Wrangles that occur amongst cousins are the main causes of subdivisions or group segmentation. Cousins always compete on who has the right to the young women who are ready or about to be married into the group through the exc hange marriage system. The internal wrangles can get so cruel that segmentation of a group takes place. Usually a group of brothers leave and goes out to establish a new group. They build their own village. This process replicates whenever there are internal wrangles about women who are to be married into a group (Irons Chagnon, 2008). Conclusion Kinship in Yanomamo culture has a number of influences and impacts on the people’s way of life. One area where this is evident is in the area of farming. Men in the families are charged with the responsibility clearing land in readiness for planting. The planting is done by the women in the family. The second scenario is witnessed in marriage (Irons Chagnon, 2008). The culture places it emphasis on patrilineal descent which are quiet shallow. A man from one family marries a sister to the other man who in turn marries his sister in exchange. This strengthens kinship ties between two men from different villages. Also, kinship plays a significant role in terms of conflict. Cousins always fight over the rights to women being married into the group. This causes conflict which ultimately leads to segmentation. Brothers leave the group and moves out of the village to form their own group. The impact of this is the formation of a new segment (Pink, 2006). References Andersen, M. Taylor, H. (2010). Sociology: The Essentials. New York: Cengage Learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kinship Organization of Yanomamo Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Irons, W. Chagnon, N. (2008). Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: an anthropological perspective. United States: Duxbury Press. Pink, S. (2006). The future of visual anthropology: engaging the senses. New York: Taylor Francis. Richard, H. Swanger, J. (2006). The dilemmas of social democracies: overcoming obstacles to a more just world. Lexiton: Lexington Books. Rosman, A. et al. (2009). The Tapestry of Culture: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Lanham: Rowman Altamira. This essay on Kinship Organization of Yanomamo Culture was written and submitted by user Jayden E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Dress as Someone of Another Race for Halloween

How to Dress as Someone of Another Race for Halloween With people of color more prominent in pop culture than ever before, some costume lovers face a dilemma: Is it alright to dress up as someone of a different race for Halloween? The answer to that question depends on the costume you’ve chosen and your presentation of it, not to mention the person you’ve decided to duplicate for the occasion. If you insist on doing it, follow the tips below. Itll lower  the odds that you’ll make a racial gaffe if you dress up as a person of another race for Halloween. Go as a Particular Person Under no circumstances is it alright to dress up as a Mexican, African or an Asian for Halloween. A racial group does not make for an appropriate costume, and any desire to dress up as a generic minority for Halloween is a pretty good indicator that you’ve bought into stereotypes about the group in question. To raise awareness about this issue, Ohio University group Students Teaching About Racism in Society  launched a campaign called Were a culture, not a costume. Instead of dressing up as a generic racial group for Halloween, choose a particular individual to dress up as, preferably one who’s known for suiting up in certain ensembles. Golfer Tiger Woods often wears red polo shirts and black pants while competing. Throw on such an outfit and walk around with a golf club in hand, and many people will pick up on the fact that you’re Mr. Woods for Halloween. Suiting up as an athlete who wears a jersey is one way to be easily identifiable. Most basketball fans know that Steph  Curry  is No. 30. Of course, your costume needn’t be relegated to the sports world. With his trademark sequined glove and red leather jacket, Michael Jackson is an instantly recognizable costume. No Blackface Avoid blackface like the plague when dressing up as a person of a different race for Halloween. Recognize that many African  Americans consider blackface to be as offensive as the N-word. If you’re choosing to go as a minority celebrity who wears attire that’s recognizable to the masses, there’s no need to darken your skin.   The same goes for taping your eyes back to appear Asian. Instead, choose to go as a highly recognizable Asian figure for Halloween, such as buddy team Harold and Kumar in their orange jumpsuits from the â€Å"Guantanamo Bay† film or the Japanese schoolgirl Gogo Yubari,  who handled a meteor hammer in â€Å"Kill Bill.† On Halloween, you should also reconsider throwing on an Afro wig. While natural hair has made a comeback in the black community, most African Americans today don’t sport 1970s style Afros, so unless you’re dressing up as Dolemite or another blaxploitation hero from that era, you should question the need to rock a faux Afro for Halloween. On the other hand, if your costume for Halloween is Bob Marley, you’re a lot less likely to offend people by donning a dreadlock wig, as locks were a staple of his look. But even in this case, its wise to exercise caution. Some people may still view such wigs as a mockery of natural black hairstyles. Wear a Mask You can avoid making many of the racial gaffes that befall Halloween celebrants by merely wearing a mask. A mask will remove any temptation to use blackface, tape back your eyes or make similar racially offensive moves. A variety of manufacturers offer masks of President Barack Obama, Michael Jackson and other famous people of color. Avoid Stereotypical Costumes Some costumes are just asking for trouble. Avoid politically incorrect costumes that fuel racial stereotypes. People of color aren’t likely to appreciate a white person dressing up like Aunt Jemima, a Muslim terrorist or an  illegal alien. Question your motivation for wanting to wear a Halloween costume that’s likely to be regarded as racist. It may seem like a funny idea to you but will feel like a slap in the face to the communities mocked by the costume.

Decline Of The American Empire Essays - International Relations

Decline Of The American Empire Essays - International Relations Decline of the American Empire In any era there are different protagonists, playing the same game on a similar board. Like a game of monopoly, there are nations competing to become the foremost leaders of their time. They amass great wealth, powerful armies, and political sway. When the influence and might of these countries transcends the confines of their boundaries, so that they become a presence throughout the world, they become empires. At times, it seems as though one of these empires wins the game, becoming the undisputed superpower in the world. Today, there is one such nation that has outlived all of its rivals in the great game, it is the United States of America. This vast empire of political power, economic and military supremacy, exerts its influence over much of the world. It has risen from the obscurity of the New World, to a level of ubiquity unprecedented in history. America is more than the sum of its territories, it the sun around which the other powers revolve. Regardless of geographic location or technological development, American culture, economics and politics are concerns for the entire globe. In this age of instant communication and information, what preoccupies America, to some extent preoccupies the world. America has become eponymous with the 20th century, we live in the American Century in a state of Pax Americana (American Peace). By the might of its armies and wealth of its economy America has created an imperial peace, ensuring that threats to world peace are put in check. The Pax Americana has also been a justification to impose American will on almost every part of the world, from Vietnam to Haiti. In order to exert such power, the United States has created a massive military apparatus, and has undertaken numerous foreign obligations. But as the American Empire grew more powerful, it also became more complicated, and eventually over-extended in its obligations; and hence, more difficult to sustain. It suffers from the ailments that inflict empires when they age: a loss of direction, fiscal excess, cultural degradation and a bloated military. When a dominant empire declines, another empire emerges to replace it. It is a cycle that has held true throughout history. Rome replaced Carthage, Ottoman Turkey replaced Byzantium, Britain replaced France, America replaced Britain. Like past empires, America can neither sustain its power indefinitely, nor can it exist statically under the weight of its current difficulties. While America is racked by unprecedented domestic disunity and a sense of economic decline a resurgent Europe and an aggressively modernizing China stand to eclipse the American Empire. The close of the American Century may well be the beginning of the final twilight of the American Empire. The United States of America rose to its position of prominence in the 20th century by filling the vacuum left by the waning powers of Europe. The old empires of Europe had grown too vast; the British Empire alone covered one fifth of the globe. Their economies lost the vigor of youthful growth, while the cost of maintaining their armies grew immense. The great powers of Europe finally self-destructed within the span of two world wars. Following the Second World War, the colonial empires disintegrated with the rise of independence movements. Consequently, Europe lost its easy access to foreign markets and sources of raw materials, leaving it further weakened, creating the opportunity for the emergence of a new economic and military power. Due to geographic chance, and thanks to the opportunity created by the implosion of Europe, only the United States emerged stronger after the war. It had not endured fighting on its soil and its industries and infrastructure were undamaged. America, rejuvenated and inspired by its heroic feats, took up the duty of nursing Europe back to health. While Europe was convalescing, the United States was substituting for Europe throughout the post-war world. Thus, the Eurocentric world gave way to the American hegemony. The United States inherited the bi-polar world that emerged after the Second World War. Countries aligned themselves either to United States or to the Soviet Union in a tense Cold War. America actually benefitted from the Cold War, as it was the undisputed leader of the alliance of Western countries.

Critique of Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique of Violence - Essay Example Notably, abolishing states would not be an end to violence in the world as human beings would turn against one another. However, there is need for strict control of power possessed by states to ensure that incidences of violence are minimized and the public are at a less vulnerable point. The members of public should work together to limit government power in order to reduce cases of violence within states. State violence is a scenario that emerged as soon as the state was formed. The theories of state formation indicate that states originated from the intention of human beings to surrender power to a central body that would protect people from one another. In nature, human beings are aggressive and would do anything to acquire wealth and other material things. It is this aggressive nature of human beings that brings the urge to kill as each of them pursues their interests. Therefore, human beings had to surrender this ill power to the state so that the state would control their aggression. Consequently, the state uses this power to exercise violence within the public. As Weber (11-40) notes, the state is a relation of men dominating men by means of legitimate violence. The implication is that the state government uses the power accorded by the public to control them and to exercise violence within the boundaries. Since the state is unquestionable and is responsible for the formation o f laws, they possess the power to exercise violence with no questions from the public. Therefore, the public are submissive to the power of the government, and this puts them at a vulnerable position. The state uses violence to pursue their selfish goals and to control the rebellion of the members of public. Mbembe (12) points out that the government possesses the power to decide who dies and who lives. This implies that the sovereignty of the state is manifested in their ability to decide matters of life. While government can